盆栽とは、四季折々の自然と調和して生きる日本の風土が生み出した、自然崇拝の芸術作品といえるでしょう。It can be said that bonsai is a work of art of worship of nature, created by the climate of Japan that lives in harmony with the nature of the four seasons.
盆栽とは(What is bonsai)
盆栽の起源は古代中国にあり、唐の時代には、小さな器に樹木を植える趣味が支配層・知識層の間で楽しまれていたといわれます。日本には鎌倉時代初期に伝わって以降、独自の発展を遂げ、江戸時代後期には一般の人々にも広く愛好される大衆的な趣味となり現在に至っています。Bonsai originated in ancient China, and it is said that during the Tang Dynasty, the hobby of planting trees in small vessels was enjoyed by the ruling and intellectual classes. Since it was introduced to Japan in the early Kamakura period, it has developed independently, and in the late Edo period, it has become a popular hobby that is widely loved by the general public.
90秒でわかる盆栽 - BONSAI in 90 seconds –↓
盆栽の観賞のポイント(point of admiration)
盆栽は一般に、古くなればなるほど味わいが増し、観る者の心を揺さぶります。人生に置き換えると、人として完成の域に達する晩年の姿といえるかもしれません。Generally speaking, the older the bonsai, the more beautiful it becomes, and the more it stirs the hearts of those who see it. If you replace it with life, it may be said that it is the appearance of the later years when it reaches the realm of perfection as a person.
葉(leaf)
葉は小さく密生していると大木に感じやすい。枝葉は芽摘みや葉刈りによって増やし、細かくすることが可能。If the leaves are small and dense, it is easy to feel that it is a large tree. Branches and leaves can be increased by picking buds and cutting leaves, and can be made finer.
コケ順・枝配り(Moss order/branch distribution)
立ち上がりから上に向けて幹が次第に細くなっていく様を「コケ順」といい、その具合が無理なく自然なほど「コケ順の良い樹」として評価される。上に行くにしたがい枝と枝の間隔が狭くなるように作るとバランスよく、大木感が出やすい。The way the trunk gradually tapers upward from the top is called ‘moss order’, and the more natural it is, the more it is evaluated as ‘a tree with good moss order’. If you make it so that the distance between the branches becomes narrower as you go up, it will be well-balanced and make it easier to feel like a large tree.
幹肌(stem skin)
盆栽は幹肌をいかに古く見せられるかも重要。荒れた肌は古木感をもっともわかりやすく際立たせる。For bonsai, it is also important to make the trunk skin look old. Rough skin emphasizes the feeling of old wood most clearly.
立ち上がりと根張り(rising and rooting)
立ち上がり(rising)
幹の足元の部分。盆栽の一番の見どころといってよく、ここの模様や太さが樹の魅力に直結する。foot part of the stem. It can be said that it is the most attractive feature of bonsai, and the pattern and thickness here are directly linked to the charm of the tree.
根張り( rooting
しっかりと張った根が樹に力強さと安定感をもたらす。Strong roots give the tree strength and stability.
ジン(神)、シャリ(舎利)~Jin (God), Shari (Ashes)
歳月を経た松や真柏では、幹や枝の一部が枯れて、そのままの形を残すことがあります。こうした幹は白い肌を見せることで、緑色の葉と美しいコントラストを生み出します。枝先のものを「ジン(神)」、幹の一部が枯れたものを「シャリ(舎利)」と呼びます。Pine trees and oak trees that have been used for a long time may have some of their trunks and branches wither and leave their original shape. These trunks show white skin, creating a beautiful contrast with the green foliage. The tip of the branch is called jin (god), and the part of the trunk withered is called shari (shari).
盆栽施設(Bonsai facility)
さいたま市大宮盆栽美術館
さいたま市大宮盆栽美術館 (bonsai-art-museum.jp)公式サイト